Full Index for the book, The Hidden Seasons:
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations
A
Aboriginal Australians 74, 203, 254, 255
Acrab 187
Aelfric of Eynsham 153
agriculture, and photoperiodism 26–7
Ahmed 201–3
Ain 303
air flow, mists and 223–4
air pressure 50, 155, 156, 157
Aldebaran 256, 257
alder 9–10
Alfred the Great 263
algae 4, 145, 146, 264, 266
All Saints Church, Laughton 230, 232
Allard, H. A. 25
almond trees 52–3, 100
Alniyat 187
Alpha Centaurids 338
the Alps 178–9
Altair 159, 159, 161, 199
altitude 60, 109, 147, 333
amphibians 169, 341
Anglo-Saxons 149–50
animals 24
coats 82, 319
effect of temperature changes on 63–4, 66–7, 68
eyes 336–8
grazing animals 77
law of two sounds 312–13
as a local guide 126, 127–8
midwinter tameness 319
photoperiodism 29–32
rapid vs slow growth 105–6, 107
response to bad weather 268–9
rising and falling tides 186
sense of smell 170, 206
species-area relationship 189
tracking 74, 183–5, 294
trails in crops 175
warming up after chilling nights 243
young animals 134
see also individual types of animals
annual plants 10–11, 12
Antares 187
anthocyanins 84–5, 172, 209, 217
anticyclonic gloom 318
ants 138, 204
Apple, Margeaux 17–18, 19
apples 171, 207
April 71–96, 135, 233
plants 47, 65, 73, 77–9, 236
weather 86, 87–8
Aquarius 95, 187
Aquila 159, 159
Arab navigators 126
Arcania 189
Arcturus 308, 308, 309
Aristophanes 202
ash 44, 100, 104, 193, 316
Ashdown Forest, East Sussex 244–50, 299–300
aspect 61, 62, 236
aspen 29, 100
Attenborough, David 271
August 145, 188, 191–211, 282, 293, 339, 349
Auriga 277, 278, 289–90, 291
Australia 203–4
autumn 23, 213–84
birds in 29, 228
colours in 169, 218, 327
fungi in 108, 109–10
mosses 266
photoperiodism 31, 57
plant growth 60, 61, 84
senescence 215–18
stars in 160, 255
temperatures 59
trees in 19, 27–8, 101, 102, 215–20, 249, 327
weather 201, 223, 243, 247, 270, 288
autumn equinox 149, 152, 154, 220–1, 248, 349
B
badgers 80–1, 229
Bambrick, Mya 121–2
barley 14, 26, 173, 175, 202
basketry 235–7
bats 205
beaches 161–6, 180–7
Beast from the East 333
Bede, St 148–9
beech 10, 193, 215, 216, 248, 249, 314
bees 74–5, 170, 172, 204
beetles 38, 104, 138
berries 45, 209, 228, 246, 289
Berthoud, Ferdinand 67, 99
Betelgeuse 259, 289
the Bible 53
biodiversity 44, 78
birch 28, 63, 69, 85, 100, 104, 107, 111, 215, 217
birch sap 51–2
birch polypore 321
birds 24, 205
behaviour at dusk 204
berries 228–9
birdsong 115–26, 127–8, 344
dawn chorus 115–21, 122–6, 344
dusk chorus 121
effect of temperature changes on 64, 67–8
flying heights 203
footprints 183, 185
hunting of 134
as a local guide 126–7
migration 64, 65, 67–8, 69, 126, 134, 169, 206
moults 69, 81–2
photoperiodism 29, 30
rapid vs slow growth 106
the rebound 138–9
rising and falling tides 186
sentinel birds 342
thermals 129–30
weather changes 64, 69, 268–9
wind direction and 318
young birds 134
see also individual species
black ice 287
black locust trees 28, 29
blackberries 228–9
blackbirds 117, 122, 124, 246
Blackburn, Tim 189
blackthorn 44, 52, 53, 54
Blade Runner effect 217
blocking high 155–8
blossom 135–7
bluebells 12, 73
boats 39
Boötes 308, 308
‘bourne’ place names 204
bracket fungi 108
brambles 84, 228–9, 235–6
bridges 330
Brighton, East Sussex 218
British Pilgrimage Trust 173–5, 176, 177
bulbs 10–12, 26
bumblebees 74–5, 172
Bushy Willows, Ashdown Forest 245
butterflies 24, 46–7, 60, 170
diapauses 104
effect of temperature changes on 66, 68
poses 143
rapid vs slow growth 108
territories 136
see also individual species
buzzards 129, 313, 325
C
Cabaret Voltaire 271
Cairngorm Mountains 325, 327–30
Cambridge University Botanic Garden 9–10, 15–18
Canis Major 196–7
cannabis plants 24
Canopus 282–3
Capella 289–90, 291
carbon 103–4
carotenoids 215
cartographic school 197
Cassiopeia 276–8, 277
Castor 290, 291, 292, 293
caterpillars 24, 67–8
catkins 12–15, 17, 317
cats 106
cat’s paws 137
causation 227
celestial equator 255, 257–8
Cepheus 277, 278
cherry trees 53, 100, 218
Chertan 94
chickens 120–1
chickweed 77
chiffchaffs 122, 124
chironomid midge 108
chlorophyll 27, 215
Christmas 296
church alignment 131, 230, 232
circumpolar stars 275
Clare, John 178
clear slot 222
climate 9, 78, 123, 328
climate change 65–6, 67, 266
Mediterranean 52
clouds 31, 35–6, 37, 155, 222, 245
altocumulus 230, 231
anticyclonic gloom 318
cirrocumulus 230, 231
cirrus 137, 230, 231
colour 264
cumulus 157, 158, 164, 195, 247, 270, 344
ice blink 326
island clouds 164
mackerel skies 229–30, 231
mares’ tails 137, 230, 231
night shining clouds 147–8
pannus 264, 265
signs of thunderstorms 179–80
sky mirrors 326
clover 77, 79
coal tits 123, 248
cockerels 120–1
cold fronts 222
colours: clouds 264
eye-catching colours 81–8
the greening 264, 266
hawthorn 288
hidden colours 208–10
leaf colour 82, 84–5
soil colour 85–6, 85
summer colours 169–73
sunset colours 193–4
Columba, St 131, 132
columbine 130–1
compasses: anthill compass 138
beetle compass 138
butterfly shadow compasses 143
camel compass 201
churches and abbeys 131, 230, 232
flower compasses 75–7
leaf colour compass 85
leaf litter compass 249, 251
rainbow compass 88
ribwort plantain compass 175
Sagittarius method 199–200, 200
snow compass 333–4
soil compass 85, 86
Taurus compass 302–3, 302
tree bark compass 327
Trentepohlia compass 266
conifers 14, 15, 17, 123, 193, 248, 327–9
see also individual species
Constable, John 37
constellations 93, 111
see also individual constellations
copper beech 209
corncrakes 132
correlation 227
cows 243
crannog 137
crows 80, 125
cuckoo flowers 47
cuckoos 24, 125, 134–5, 202
Cunis, Emma 283–4
Cygnus 159–60, 159, 277, 278, 279
D
daffodils 10, 11, 76
daisies 25, 77, 79
dandelions 25, 51, 77, 79, 106
the darkening 283–4
Dartmoor 175–6, 283
Darwin, Charles 65, 315
Darwin, Francis 65
dawn chorus 115–21, 122–6, 344
death, festival of 248–9
December 154, 221, 285–303, 307
constellations 199, 338
the moon in 348, 349, 352–3
the sun in 150, 151, 152, 153, 338, 348, 349, 353
winter solstice 149, 153, 154, 248, 295–7, 351
deer 30, 175, 244, 342
fallow deer 80, 313
gales and 268
grazing 77, 80, 229, 328
red deer 133–4, 138, 328
roe deer 270–1
sense of smell 170
Delta Aquariids 187, 198
denarii 290
Deneb 159–60, 159, 161, 199
dew 221–3, 226, 242, 243
Dia de los Muertos 248
diapauses 104
dichotomous branches 16
Dickens, Charles 35, 296
djindi 203
dogs 135, 183–4, 336, 337–8
dormancy 27, 29
dragonflies 43, 139, 140, 169, 201, 205
Dreyfus 336, 337–8
droughts 110, 155
Druids 153, 256
Dschubba 187
ducks 124
dunes 164
dusk chorus 121
E
eagles 325
East Head, West Sussex 164
Eco, Umberto 299
egg shells 93
elder 43–5, 82, 317, 339
elm 14, 218
epigenetics 19, 20
equator 23, 59
equinoxes: autumn equinox 149, 152, 154, 220–1, 248, 349
equinoctial gales 226–8
spring equinox 47–50, 149, 152, 154, 349
Eta Aquariids 95–6
eutrophic waters 145
eyes, animals’ 336–8
F
fairy houses 232, 233, 233
Fang 187
Fanur 127
February 7–20, 41, 46, 296, 314, 323–44, 349
fish 69, 127, 133, 139
Fitzroy, Capt. Robert 64–5
flavonoids 215
floating 38–9
floods 50, 325–6
flowers 60, 74–6, 244
fly agaric 111
flycatchers 122, 123
fog 175–6, 288
footfall 77–80, 79, 232
foraging 50, 53–4, 234–5, 283–4
Fortune, Tom 44–5, 46
Forward, Tom 245–50
Fowler, Alys 27
foxes 134, 229, 313, 319, 337, 342
foxgloves 172–3
Fricker, Rosemary 9–10, 12, 15
frogs 68, 341, 342
frost 29, 66, 73, 272, 288, 317
frost hollows 60–1
frost maps 241, 242–3
frost pockets 109, 209
fruit 171–2
bumper fruit crops 228
colours 170, 172
ripening of 206, 207–8
stone fruit 52–3, 100, 104
fungi 108–11, 248–9, 321
fungicides 249
G
gales see storms
galling 211
gardening 11, 15, 58, 206, 209
garlic mustard 47
Garner, W. W. 25
Gemini 289, 290–4, 292
Geminids 293–4
geophytes 10, 11
Gibbings, Robert 333
Ginkgo biloba 18–19
girolles 108
Glenshee, Perthshire 331
Glyndebourne, East Sussex 234–7
gnomons 143
goat willow 15
Gordon, Seton 62
gradient 62
Grant, Richard 161–2, 164
grass 27, 222, 223, 235
grass stories 173–7, 177,343
reading the colour of 206–7
Great Lakes 157
Great Sandy Desert, Australia 203–4
great tits 24, 68, 122
the greening 264
Greenland 307
Gruinard House, West Highlands 62
gulls 126, 129
H
hail 35–6, 37
Halley’s comet 259
Halloween 248, 256
hamsters 29
Hardy, Thomas 263
hares 332
harvests 193, 234–7, 248
hawthorn 136–7, 193, 283–4, 287–8
hazel 12–13, 14, 17, 44, 104, 317
heat waves 155, 197
hedge laying 44–5
Heiligenschein 223
heliacal rising 196–7
herbs 68
Hesiod 104, 196, 255
Hesychios, St 140
high-pressure systems 155–8, 194, 317–18, 333
Hodges, Mrs E. 310
Holden Forests and Gardens, Ohio 19–20
holly berries 246
horse chestnut 106, 210, 215, 273, 274
horses 30, 31, 337
human births 30–1, 90–1, 92
Huna Tlingit people 84
hunters 123, 312, 326, 337
hydrangeas 210
I
ice 287–9, 326, 329
Igloolik 307
indigenous cultures 203–4, 236, 326
insects 24, 193, 206, 341
aquatic 40–1, 42–3
as ‘bio-indicators’ 40–1
colour changes 169
diapauses 104
and fish rise patterns 139
number alive at any one time 42
photoperiodism 29, 30
pollinators 75, 76–7
rapid vs slow growth 105–6, 108
size of in summer 169
and temperature 41, 63–4, 66, 67–8, 138
Inuit 307, 310, 326
Iona 130–2
Irving, Miles 50–1, 53–4, 108, 173
islands 189
Isle of Wight 164
J
jackdaws 124
Jaclin, Dr David 224–6
January 5, 47, 296, 305–22
Janus 317, 318
Jenyns, Reverend Leonard 64–5
Jesus 149, 278
jetlag 29
John the Baptist, St 149
Jubilee Orchard, Slindon 171–2
July 135, 167–89, 198, 208, 221, 282, 343
June 88, 119, 135, 141–66, 199, 202, 216
summer solstice 148–50, 152, 153, 154, 347–8, 349, 351
K
K-strategists 105–8
Kalumburu people 203
kestrels 43–4
Kielder Forest, Northumberland 123
King Alfred’s Cakes 321–2
Knapp, Michelle 310
kung fu 224
L
Lacerta 277, 278, 281
lag effect 296
Lagoon Nebula 200
lamb’s lettuce 54
Lammas Day 193
lamping 337
Lanarkshire 124
landmarks 299–302
lapwings 125
larch 62, 327
larks 117, 125
latitude 59–60, 63–4, 109, 147
Laughton, East Sussex 228–32
Lawson cypress 15
leaves: age and stage of trees 100–4
bramble leaves 229
colour of 26, 27–8, 173, 209–10, 215–18
falling leaves 218–20, 220
growth 26, 193
leaf litter 249, 251,316
leaf scar 273, 274
photoperiodism 27–8, 28
shape of 28
small leaves 15–17
timing of leaf events 99–100
trees in winter 314
Leo the Lion 93–4, 94, 269, 276
Leonids 269–70
lichens 4, 264, 266
light: and the dawn chorus 118–19, 120
flower compasses and 75–7
light pollution 198–9, 253
photoperiodism 25–32
shadows on water 144, 146
lightning 35, 36, 247
limes 100, 215, 219
lost souls 329–30
low-pressure systems 155, 156
Lubnaig, Loch 124
Lyra 95, 159, 159
Lyrids 95–6
M
mackerel skies 229–30, 231
Malvern Hills 173–5, 176, 177
maples 19–20, 51, 215
Mar Lodge Estate, Aberdeenshire 325, 327–30
marcescent chatter 313–14
March 32, 33–54, 219, 230
bird migrations 64
length of day in 31, 32
the moon in 119, 349, 352
spring equinox 47–50, 149, 152, 154, 349
temperatures in 39–296
weather in 35–6, 136, 227
marjoram, wild (oregano) 61, 170
Markab 281
marsh marigolds 79–80
Marsham, Robert 24
mast flowers 9–10
mast years 10, 246–7
Mau Piailug 127–8
May 95, 96, 113–40, 235
Megrez 292
melatonin 25
meltwaters 330
menorah 52–3
Merak 292
meteor showers 198–9
see also individual meteor showers
mice 106
microclimates 42–3, 61, 102, 103, 109
micro-seasons 60–1, 107
Milky Way 161, 199, 294
Milne, A.A., Winnie the Pooh 249, 299–300
Mintaka 259
mistle-thrush 121
mists 221–2, 223–4, 226
the moon 73
and the dawn chorus 119–20
first-quarter moons 351–2
full moons 91, 133, 154, 161, 347–9
gravitation and birth frequency 92
lunar phases 91–2, 119–20, 347–53, 350
new and half moons 349–51
and the seasons 345–53
third-quarter moons 351–2
and the tides 49–50
moor grass 244
Moore, Sir Patrick 253
moss 4, 264, 266–8
moths 24, 68, 75, 189, 210
Muehlenbeckia astonii 15–16, 17, 17
Mujawir, Ibn 126–7
Mull, Isle of 125, 128, 132
multivoltinism 30, 41
N
Navajo 253
Navi 278
navigation, natural 122, 175–6, 217, 298, 348
animals as navigators 126–8
by clouds 164
by the moon 352, 353
by rime ice 288
by smoke 242
by stars 188, 200, 257, 278, 290
by trees 45, 300
by water 330
see also compasses
Navigator’s Triangle 158–61, 159, 199
Nebra Sky Disc 251–3, 252, 256
nettles 12, 53–4, 68, 79, 174, 235
newts 68, 341
night-break lighting 27
night shining clouds 147–8
Niuheliang Reserve, China 60
Niviatsian 310
noise, urban 119
North Star 160, 275–83, 289, 290, 291, 297, 308
Northern Cross 278, 279
nostalgia 315
November 30, 89, 248, 256, 259, 261–84
O
oaks 14, 24, 63, 106, 123
arboreal stress 232
buds 59, 68, 69
gals 211
leaves 193, 215, 314
mast years 10, 247
species 100
oats 26
October 219, 226, 227, 239–59
Oman 201–3
orange-tip butterfly 46–7
orchid, early purple 12
organism populations 105
Orion 196, 257–9, 258, 289, 303, 303
Orionids 257, 259
otters 140
Ötzi 319–22
Ovid 47–8
Owen, Robert 124
owls 120, 308, 342
P
Pacific Islanders 126, 127, 183, 283
pairings, seasonal 202
Palulap 127
pannus 264, 265
Parker, Dr Eleanor 149
paths, smile 316, 316
patterns, familiar 99–100
peacocks 115
Pegasus 277, 278, 279–81, 280
perennial plants 11, 12
Perseids 187, 197–9, 293, 307–8
Perseus 198, 277, 278
Persian ironwood 10
petrichor 205–6, 241
phenology 9–10, 13, 24
photoperiodism 25–32, 57, 59, 82, 106
phytochromes 25
pied flycatchers 67–8
pigeons 3, 81, 129, 203, 205, 273
pigs 247, 338
pineappleweed 66, 79
pines 248, 299–300, 327–9
place names 204, 244–5
plantains 79, 174–5
plants 24
age and stage of plants 100–4
canopy-beating flowers 73–4
colours 84–5, 172–3
early-flowering 66, 73
effect of temperature changes on 58–63, 67, 68
flower compasses 75–7
long-day plants 25, 26
memory of 17–20
photoperiodism 25–9, 30, 32
pollination and plant shape 75
provenance 18
rapid vs slow growth 106, 107
short-day plants 26, 28–9
species-area relationship 189
species spike 77–80, 79
spring ephemeral flowers 73, 74
stretching effect 62
summer scents 170
see also individual species
Pleiades 253–6, 257
the Plough 275–6, 279, 292, 297, 308, 309
Pollan, Michael 298
pollination 13–15, 63, 75
Pollux 290, 291, 292
Polzeath, Cornwall 181, 183
pookof 128–9, 132, 136
Poole, R. W. F. 309
poplar 100, 107, 215
porcelain mushrooms 248–9
potatoes 25, 27
predators 81, 115, 116, 117, 134, 204, 233, 271, 312, 337
primroses 73, 74
pronking 271
Prunus 53, 100
Ptolemy 289
purple emperor butterfly 245
Q
Quadrantids 294, 307–11
Quetelet, Adolphe 197
R
r-strategists 105–8
rabbits 44, 80–1, 223, 232–3, 268
radiants 310–11
rain 68, 155, 263–4, 344
animals’ response to 268–9
the greening 266
heavy winter 316
impact on bird migration 64
impact on fungal fruiting 110, 111
petrichor 205–6, 241
showers 87, 177–8, 179, 185, 203
sound of 273
time stamps 185
twinkling stars and 274–5
rainbows 87–8
Rao, Shaila 325, 327–8, 329, 330
Rasmussen, Knud 310
Réaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de 57–8
red admiral butterfly 68
red clover 77
reed mace 235, 236
registering 184
Regulus 93
Renner, Mario 251–2, 256
reproductive cycle 29–30
reptiles 29, 245–6
ribwort plantain 174–5
ridge lift 129
rill marks 186–7
rime ice 288–9
rivers 329–30
robins 117, 119, 124, 268, 319
rosebay willowherb 50, 51, 173
rosehips 233, 235
Ruchbah 278
Rye, East Sussex 3–4
S
Sagittarius 199–200, 200, 282
St John’s wort 149
St Mary the Virgin Church, Rye 3–4
Saiph 259, 289
the Samaritan 290
Samhain 248, 256
sand stories 161–6, 163, 166, 180–7
sap, rising 50–1, 235
saprotrophs 109–10, 248–9
Sassoon, Siegfried, ‘The Hawthorn Tree’ 137
Satawal 127
satellites 309–10
Savernake Forest, Wiltshire 241–3, 271
scents 170, 205–6, 241, 242
Scheat 281
Schedar 278
Scorpius 187–8, 188, 199, 282, 338–9, 343, 344
sea: colour of 131–2
rising or falling tides 186–7
sand stories 165, 166
sea cumulus 270
temperature 156–7
wave shape 181–3, 182
sea breezes 156–7, 156
seabirds 126
Secchi disc 146
second narrowing 246
seeds 10, 11, 26, 28
size of in relation to seasonal response 106–7
wind-blown 194–5
senescence 215–18
September 44, 62, 213–37
autumn equinox 149, 152, 154, 220–1, 248, 349
length of day in 31, 32
weather in 50, 221–4, 226–8, 229–30
sessile oak 59
shadows 152, 348
Shaftesbury, Dorset 263–4, 265
shamanic radiants 310–11
sheep 29–30, 31, 46, 80, 88–90, 268, 269, 343
shiitake mushrooms 108
shooting stars see individual meteor showers
silver floods 325–6
Simon, Helmut and Erika 319
Sirius 196–7, 221, 223, 282, 303, 303
skipper butterflies 136
sky mirrors 326
skylarks 117
Slindon, West Sussex 170–1
smile paths 316, 316
Smithsonian Institution 42
smoke 241–2, 242, 272
smolt 133
snow 328–9, 331–5
snowdrops 10, 11, 15, 24
soil, colour of 85–6, 85
solstices 47, 48, 49, 153–4
summer solstice 148–50, 152, 153, 154, 347–8, 349, 351
winter solstice 149, 153, 154, 248, 295–7, 351
sounds: law of two sounds 311–13
marcescent chatter 313–14
seasonal 270–3
sound maps 244, 248
South Downs 287–9
soy beans 25
sparrows 30, 117
species: number of on Earth 105
species-area relationship 189
speckled wood butterfly 136
spiders’ webs 233–4
Spindler, Konrad 320
spotted flycatchers 122
spring 4, 7–166, 340
animals 30, 32
birds 30, 64, 81
colours 169, 173, 327
day length 31, 32, 39
fungi 108–9
photoperiodism 31, 57, 58
plants 11–12, 13, 23–4, 45, 46, 52, 60–2, 66, 73, 78, 84, 103–4, 106
signs of 24, 37, 52
the sun 120, 130, 137
temperature 42, 43, 59, 67, 114–15
trees 51, 52, 53, 57, 63, 82, 104, 216, 218, 219, 249, 339
water temperature 42, 43, 114–15
weather 46, 58, 64, 110, 136, 163
spring equinox 47–50, 149, 152, 154, 349
spruce 69, 74, 84, 85, 193, 328–9
squirrels 294, 313–14, 338
stars 158, 196, 274–5, 289, 338
see also individual stars and constellations
steam 36–7
stone fruit 52–3, 100, 104
stonechats 122, 128–9
stories 297–302
storms 219, 222, 247, 268, 315–16
equinoctial gales 226–8
signs of 177–80, 344
stratification 42
stretching effect 62–3
succulents 28
summer 85, 169–211
algal bloom 145–6
animals in 82, 135
clouds 148
colours 173, 209, 210
fungi 109, 111
insects in 104, 143, 169, 205
plants 27, 28, 62, 78
sun’s arc in 151, 151, 154
temperature in 39, 43, 205, 270
trees in 82, 314, 327
weather 136, 155–6, 179, 194, 203, 205, 223, 227, 247, 270, 272, 314, 344
summer solstice 148–50, 152, 153, 154, 347–8, 349, 351
the sun 23, 84, 229
December sun 150, 151, 152, 153, 338, 348, 349, 353
and the effect of aspect 61
and the equinoxes 48, 49, 220–1
lag effect 296
low sun lines 294–5
midsummer sun 152, 155
and the moon 347, 349–51, 350, 352
sky mirrors 326
and snow 334, 335
and the solstices 48, 49, 295–7, 347–8
sunrise 48, 49, 118, 120, 147, 150–1, 151, 153, 194, 272, 340, 347
sunset 48, 49, 147–8, 150–2, 194, 340
and the tides 49–50
as the time 149
winter sun 328
survival 23, 73, 89, 134, 184
swallows 24, 65, 202
Swanbourne Lake, West Sussex 224
sweet chestnut 235, 249–50
Swift–Tuttle comet 198
Sycamore Gap 301
T
tadpoles 38, 39, 43
tameness, midwinter 319
tapetum lucidum 336, 337, 338
tarmac 36, 40
Taurid meteor showers 256
Taurus 256, 257,302–3, 302
Taylor, Ruby 234–7
Tempel–Tuttle 270
temperature: air temperature 41, 242–3
anthocyanins and 84–5
blocking highs 155
butterflies and 143
clear skies and the winter solstice 297
and the dawn chorus 118
effect on leaf colour 217
effect of seasonal changes 57–69
fungi and 108–9, 110
insects and 138
mists and dew 221–2, 223
rapid vs slow growth 106, 107, 107
sea and land breezes 157
and significance of hawthorn 136
snow and 333
temperature inversions and sounds 272
urban heat island 158
water temperature 39, 40–3, 156–7
winter highs 317–18
woodland gaps 103
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord 254
Thackeray, Dr Stephen J. 146–7
thermal sum 58
thermals 37, 129–30, 194, 195, 234, 270
thistles 58, 194
Thomas, Stephen 127–8
thrushes 64, 117, 121, 124, 246, 268
thunderstorms 36, 178–80
tides 49–50, 186–7
time 25, 185
tinder fungus 321
toads 341, 342
tomatoes 26, 27
tombolo 131
Tournois, Julien 24
tracking 183–5, 294
trampling 78, 174
trees 53
age of 110
arboreal stress 232
Ashdown Forest 244–50
bark 294–5, 327
buds 26, 339
canopy trees 14, 73, 102, 103, 106, 216, 217, 219
colour of 339–40
effect of temperature changes on 68
falling leaves 218–20, 220
the greening 264, 266
height and life stage 100–4
K-strategists 106–7
Lammas growth 193
as landmarks 299–302
leaves 82, 84, 99–104, 173, 209–10, 215–20, 314
lightning strikes 247
management of 44
mast years 246–7
monoecious trees 12–13
and moss 267–8
pollination 13–15
snow compass 333–4
stretching effect 63
under-storey trees 14, 102, 103, 216, 219
vernalisation 57
widowmaker branches 249
see also individual species
Trentepohlia 266
Triangulum constellation 254
Tropic of Cancer 150, 152
Tropic of Capricorn 295
trout 133
Twigger, Robert 201
twilight 48–9
U
umbellifers 75
University of Southampton 315
univoltinism 41
Upton, Ralph 171
urban heat island 158
urban noise 119
Ursa Major 297
Ursa Minor 297
Ursids 297
Uvavnuk 310
V
Vanderbilt, Tom 175–6
Vega 159–60, 159
vernalisation 57
Vikings 126, 254, 255, 283
voltinism 41, 63–4
vultures 130
W
warblers 117, 123, 125, 135
Wareyang 127
water: availability of fresh water 201, 202–5
clear water 143–7
colours of 130–2
eutrophic waters and algal blooms 145
insects as ‘bio-indicators’ of water’s health 40–1
meltwaters 330
names for landscape features that include 204
raging water 329–30
ripples and rises 137–40, 181–2, 181, 205, 224, 225–6, 342
shadows on 144, 146
signs of proximity of 46–7
temperature 39, 40–3, 69, 156–7
see also sea
water-crowfoot 206
waterfalls 330
Watson, Chris 271–2
wave shapes 181–3, 182
weather 58
changeable 35–7
and the dawn chorus 118
equinoctial gales 226–8
impact on fungal fruiting 110, 111
impact on plants 77
impact on seasonal timings 68, 69
impact on spring migrations 64, 69
mackerel skies 229–30, 231
signs of storms 177–80
summer sun and 155–6
time stamps 185–6
twinkling stars and 274–5
see also individual types of weather
West Dean Gardens, West Sussex 207–11
Westphal, Henry 251–2, 256
wheat 14, 26–7, 175, 193, 202
whirligig beetles 38
White, Gilbert 47
The White Strand of the Monks 132
whitethroats 122, 125
Wild, Johann 194
Wildschut, Professor Tim 315
willows 46, 232, 235
wind 37, 88, 155–8
anabatic wind 157
backing winds 137
bulge-wind 314
city breeze 158, 158
equinoctial gales 226–8
falling leaves 219–20, 220
footprints in grass 176–7, 177
footprints in the sand 161–4
formation of new winds 225–6
katabatic winds 157, 226
land breezes 156, 157
mists and breezes 223–4
northerly winds 288
prevailing winds 219–20, 250, 287
ridge lift 129
rime ice and 288–9
sea breezes 156–7, 156
smoke maps 241
and snow 333, 334, 335
tailwinds 64
walking in 332
on water 137
wind-blown seeds 194–5
wind direction 44, 318
wind-pollination 13–15
wind shadows 138, 163–4, 250
winter 201, 285–344
animals in 319, 332
birds in 132, 202
colours of 85, 318
end of winter 10, 11, 13, 243
insects in 66, 104
plants 15, 26, 27, 29, 45, 78, 215
the sun in 151–2, 151, 294, 340
trees in 13, 14, 215, 314
water in 144, 145–6
weather 163, 227–8, 247, 270, 316, 317–18, 333
winter solstice 149, 153, 154, 248, 295–7, 351
winterbournes 204, 206
Wood Mills, West Sussex 121–2
woodlands 82, 83, 103
woodpeckers 123, 184, 342
wrens 117, 124, 125
Wyse, Pascal 271
Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire 68
X
Xanthoria 4
xylem 99
Y
yardangs 164
yellow star grass 66
yellow star thistle 58
yew 82, 193, 317
Yorke, John 299
Z
zooplankton 145
Zosma 94
From the Index for the book, The Hidden Seasons:
