Each part of the world has its unique natural navigational heritage with distinct differences, making each appear totally foreign to the other on first meeting.
What could the Pacific Islanders possibly share with the Bedouin? Or the Vikings with someone going for a 
walk in an English wood? All these navigators share views of the sun, moon and stars, but all will also have a relationship with the wind. The wind sculpts the land and sea all over the world, it leaves its marks wherever we care to look for them. The swell of the oceans, the shape of the dunes and the curve of the exposed trees all betray their intimate relationship with the wind.
Here are some small sand sculptures that I photographed among the dunes on West Wittering beach a few weeks ago. The swell of the Pacific and the dunes of the Sahara are not…
After an enjoyable private course on Friday – we finished standing in a field looking at Orion, the Plough, 
This photo shows the colour difference as the water shallows over a sandbank of the beach at West Wittering. Colour has been used by nautical navigators since the first boats went to sea. In places where the water was too murky to use colour, like rivers, other techniques were developed. There are images dating back four thousand years that show ancient Egyptian boats plying the Nile with a man standing at the bow with a sounding pole. The pole gave an instant and very physical reading of depth.